Proteins Identified as Key to Stem Cell Production

A multinational team of scientists led by Professor Benjamin Blencowe of the University of Toronto has identified proteins that play a key role in the control of pluripotency, which may mean a possible breakthrough in the production of so-called induced pluripotent stem cells.

Induced pluripotent stem cells are of great value for medical research because they can flexibly develop into many different types of cells. However, producing these cells is challenging because the proteins that control their production are largely unknown

The team discovered these proteins using a tiling code developed by Professor Blencowe several years ago.

"The mechanisms that control embryonic stem cell pluripotency have been a mystery for some time," explains Dr. Brendan Frey, also from the University of Toronto, who co-authored the study published in the journal Nature.

"However, Professor Blencowe and his team found that the proteins identified by our splicing code can activate or reduce the pluripotency of stem cells."

"Suppose you've tasted a lot of delicacies, but you have no idea what it takes to make them. Then, one day, you will find that all gourmet food cooks will use something called a "measuring cup". Now you know important information about how to prepare dishes, and you know the "control knobs" that can be turned to make different dishes, just as adjusting the amount of butter and flour produces different kinds of pastries.

Dr Frey said: "Although the complete formula for producing induced pluripotent stem cells may not yet be available, it looks more likely at first."

Collected by Creative BioMart.

Nature: Protein OTX2 Plays a Crucial Role in Germ Cell Development

In a new study, researchers from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, Shandong University in China, and the Institute of Genetics and Biophysics in Naples, Italy, discovered key insights into how sperm cells (ie, sperm) and egg cells (eggs) are formed, thus helping to reveal their earliest stages of development. This study is the first to show how proteins affect the fate of these cells that determine the DNA profile of the offspring. The relevant research results were published online in the Nature recently, and the paper titled "OTX2 restricts entry to the mouse germline".

These findings focus on the development of germ cells that produce sperm and eggs. During reproduction, germ cells from different sexes fuse together to form new individuals.

These researchers used mice as the research object to explore the first stage of germ cell formation. They focused on a molecule called BMP4 that was found to block the activity of Otx2, a gene regulator that directs the development of non-germ cells (called somatic cells). They demonstrated that lowering Otx2 activity by BMP4 is critical for germ cell development.

Professor Ian Chambers of the University of Edinburgh said, "Before, the study of germ cell identity focused on a series of events that occurred during germ cell development. We are now able to begin to observe early events that occur during germ cell development. These exciting discoveries open the door to a better understanding of the earliest stages of controlling the separation of germ cells from all other cells."

As leading biotech provider, Creative BioMart also provides quality OTX2 products, BMP4 products, etc. for the science community. 

EiF4E and Depression

A recent study about changes in the brain linked to depression paved the way for new therapies. Moreover, the study also revealed why a certain antidepressant drugs stop working in some people.

Scientists from the University of Edinburgh studied mice that were bred to have defects in their ability to activate a certain molecule, called eIF4E. And it turned out that those animals showed signs of depression, reduced levels of hormone serotonin and also disinterest in food.

Treatment with a commonly prescribed antidepressant called fluoxetine failed to produce a response in the mice. This suggests that activation of eIF4E is required for the beneficial antidepressant effects of fluoxetine, which belongs to a category of medicines called selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). (sciencedaily.com)

This, however, could help explain why some patients stop responding to SSRIS. Previous studies have shown the effect of eIF4E in regulating protein synthesis in the brain. And the defects of eIF4E are also linked to other neurological conditions. But it is the first time it has been found to be connected with depression.

Those findings, according to the scientists, could help develop novel therapy for depression, which are affecting increasing numbers of people worldwide.

Dr Christos Gkogkas, a Chancellor's Fellow in the University of Edinburgh's Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, stated: “Our investigation uncovers that changed protein synthesis through eIF4E is a key cellular process in the brain that can go amiss in depression. Imperatively it might clarify why a few people with depression wind up resistant to treatment with SSRIs. This information can enable us to plan another generation of antidepressants.”

Collected by Creative BioMart, a provider of quality recombinant proteins, gmp proteins, native proteins, etc. and custom protein services including Protein Function Prediction, Protein Ubiquitinylation, Protein Glycosylation Labeling, etc.

How Will Protein Expression Market Develop in the Future?

Protein expression, another name of which is protein production, has been widely used in the life sciences, medicine and biotechnology. Researchers in the field of molecular biology use a large number of proteins and enzymes which are produced by expression systems. Significant application of expression system can also be found in the production of human insulin to treat diabetes and to produce certain proteins in biotechnology and industry. Currently, they are mostly used to produce proteins that are screened for drug discovery purpose. Generally speaking, commonly used protein expression systems include those derived from bacteria, yeast, baculovirus and mammalian cells.

An agency focuses on analyzing kinds of market did a survey about the protein expression market recently. They studied the expression system, products, applications and end users. For the expression system part, they estimated that the mammalian part would grow at the highest CAGR in the following four years for the demand for therapeutic proteins has been increased. In the product part, the reagents were found to have the largest share of the global market, and the services part would grow at the highest CAGR in the following four years. For the part of application, the researchers studied industrial proteins, research applications and therapeutic proteins. Among them, therapeutic proteins cover the largest share of the global market and are estimated to grow at the highest CAGR in the following four years. In their report, academic research, contract organizations, pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies and others were included in the end-user part. According to their statistics, the pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies have the largest share of the global protein market, while the contract research organizations would grow at the highest CAGR in the following four years. The global market is expected to grow fast and it may reach $ 1,400 million at the end of 2018.

As a world leading biotech company, Creative Biomart is committed to provide easy-to-use protein expression systems for its valued customers. Up to now, it has provided thousands of protein expression service for customers worldwide. Currently, it has nineteen types of expression system for customers to choose, including Bacterial expression systems (E.coli / Bacillus), Yeast expression systems (P pastoris / S cerevisiae), mammalian expression systems (CHO /293), Cell-free in vitro Protein Expression, etc. To know more detailed information, you can visit http://www.creativebiomart.net/Protein-Expression-Services.htm.

Mammalian Two-Hybrid System Offered by Creative BioMart

Two-hybrid systems are extremely powerful methods for detecting protein-protein interactions in vivo. Of note, Creative BioMart Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay allows rapid and convenient analysis of protein-protein interactions in transfected mammalian cells. 

This assay uses a SEAP secreted reporter to measure the interactions between the two proteins of interest, eliminating the need for cell lysis. Because this two-hybrid assay is performed in mammalian cells, proteins encoded by mammalian cDNAs are more likely to be in their native conformation; therefore, post-translational modifications and experimental results are more likely to represent biologically significant interactions.

Features
Fast, convenient analysis of protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells
SEAP secreted reporter eliminates the need for cell lysis
Biologically relevant results are more likely in a mammalian system

Applications
Confirm protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells
Map interacting domains

A noteworthy point of preference of the mammalian two-hybrid assay over yeast two-hybrid system is that protein-protein interactions are considered in mammalian cell lines. Accordingly, this assay empowers specialists to study communications between mammalian proteins that may not fold accurately in yeast or that require post-translational modification or external stimulation that is not present in yeast.

Experts at Creative BioMart could be glad to discuss the details of intended interaction studies with its valued customers and develop experimental methods and strategies tailored to its customers'requirements. Customers can contact at contact@creative-biomart.com for more information.

Source: http://www.creativebiomart.net/Mammalian-Two-Hybrid-System.htm

Creative BioMart Provides Quality and Comprehensive Assay Kits

An assay is an investigative method in laboratory medicine, pharmacology, natural science, and in addition molecular biology for subjectively evaluating the vicinity or measure of an objective substance. Assay kits, utilized as a part of life science research, drug disclosure and advancement, and ecological observing, have an extensive variety of utilization, for example, considering sickness pathways, screening for potential medication applicants and assessing biopharmaceutical production processes.

Since its inception, Creative BioMart has assisted scientists in the design and production of thousands of assay kits, with many resulting in high-impact citations. Recognized for its high quality standards and technical service, Creative BioMart has the knowledge and expertise to offer optimal assay kits to its customers.

Up to now, there are over 1670 assay kits offered in Creative BioMart including: U2OS C3AR1 Bioassay Kit, eXpress C5AR1 Activated GPCR Internalization Assay, CAMKK2 Assay Kit, cAMP CHO-K1 SSTR2 Bioassay Kit, CSF3R-JAK1 Bioassay Kit, Phosphate Assay Kit (Fluorometric), Fixable Dead Cell Staining Kit (Green Fluorescence 405), PKC kinase activity Kit, etc.

With assay kits in Creative BioMart, customers will receive all necessary reagents, plates, instructions, and analysis tools to help them find answers quickly and efficiently. We truly understand that our customers’ research is being done with finite time and money, so we create and refine our kits to be affordable and to provide fast, accurate results. Bulk assays and reagent sales are available upon your request. Please visit http://www.creativebiomart.net/product/assay-kits_358.htm for more information or just contact at info@creative-biomart.com & call 1-631-559-9269.

About Creative BioMart
Creative BioMart provides quality recombinant proteins, diagnostic antibodies and antigens, diagnostic enzymes and pharmaceutical enzymes to the research community of biology, clinical research, molecular diagnostics and biopharmaceutical drug development. We are offering more than 1,000 recombinant proteins, peptides and antibodies. All the products are rigorously tested to meet the most demanding research needs. At the same time, lowest prices in the industry are always guaranteed.

Contact Creative BioMart
Address: 45-16 Ramsey Road Shirley, NY 11967, USA
Tel: 1-631-559-9269
Email: info@creative-biomart.com
Website: www.creativebiomart.net

Novel Anti-Cancer Method

In a novel study recently published in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, scientists from the University of Surrey have found some important proteins that perform and regulate key biological process. When those proteins or the process fail to function, cancer and other diseases would come. This finding may help develop more effective methods for the treatment of incurable and debilitating disease.

In this study, the research team has, for the first time, analyzed a kind of important regulatory proteins-RNA binding proteins in baker’s yeast and roundworms as well as their interactions with mRNA (an important molecule that guides protein synthesis). Although these two organisms are very different, but scientists discovered in the protein revealed amazing evolutionarily conservation, which means however, metabolic enzymes-the team believes it has existed for billions of years-have new features.

André Gerber, first author of this article said: “This is an important breakthrough, because the protein and process we identified also present in human beings. We knew that they have a strong relationship with a number of diseases like cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Now we can use new knowledge to test if the case-a new mechanism that control key biological processes-can bring effective treatment for cancers.”

Dr. Emma Laing, co-author of this article said: “It may be that before the show of protein, RNA drives this function, going back to the old mechanism, or it may be that these proteins have a hidden feature that we do not know now.”

Microbial Cloud around You

We leave hints of bacteria on all that we touch-keyboard, cell phone, water cups, however, physical contact isn’t the only way to make a microbial mark. People shed swarms of microscopic organisms that linger in the space around them, making a “microbial cloud”.

Published in Peer J, the new study revealed that such cloud of bacteria may be totally unique to each person., just like a microbial fingerprint. Before came to this conclusion, scientists have conducted two experiments in which they placed people in test in a sanitized room and surrounded them with rings of petri dishes. To catch the floating microbes, they suspended air filters. As comparison, another room is humanless but otherwise identical. They compared the samples captured from the two rooms and found that the two species were microbially distinct. Then, another question came into being: if a person’s microbial can set two rooms apart, can it set two people apart? The answer was yes in six of the participants.

Furthermore, the researchers sequenced the microbial cloud samples and found that many of the participants have the same bacteria in their cloud, but in different concentrations. As for how far our microbial cloud can extend, the researchers were not sure. But they estimated that the cloud float within a 90 centimeter radius, suggesting that there’s a high chance that our microbial cloud will mingle in any semicrowded space like in a subway.

So , can you imagine that, a microbial cloud around you?

Edited by Creative BioMart.

How does fish beat the heat?

First think about it: when we feel too hot, what will we do to beat the heat? Air conditioning, fan, swimming in the pool, etc. would be the things that come into mind. Yes, we beat heat with those things. But what will fishes do, if they feel hot when the temperature of the water is so hot? A recent new study has given an answer to it.

A team in James Cook University has found that in order to withstand a warming climate, fishes would retreat to the deeper ocean floor. This study, published in Coral Reefs however, provided direct evidence for the impact of climate change bringing to ocean ecology. 

Researchers have labeled 60 Redthroat Emperor Fish and released them at Heron Island, which is in the south of the Great Barrier Reef in east Australia. These fish are equipped with an electronic signaling device that can send a signal, it can provide the number, depth, and location information to the receiver. When these fish appear in the Great Barrier reef slopes, signals emitted by those electronic devices can be monitored. By year-long monitoring, the researchers found that these fish appear more in the reef slope when the temperature is low. At the same time, they found that when the temperature becomes higher, frequency of these fish appearing in deeper ocean increases.

The researchers considered the effects of temperature, barometric pressure, rainfall, wind and lunar gravity on the positioning of these fish. However, they found only the temperature was related to the occurrence of signals. By one year's monitoring, they found only when the temperature is below 24 degrees Celsius, these signals will be emerge. The researchers believe that there are other options for these fish. On the one hand to escape the heat, they can dive into the deep waters for these fish can tolerate a 160-meter-deep water environment. In addition, they can move farther, and migrate to the south ocean where the water temperature is lower. Because the researchers found the whereabouts of these fish in the west coast of Australia Perth coast, far away from the habitat of these fish.

The next step of them is to focus on whether these fish can adapt to high temperature environment, Leanne Currey, one of the researchers in this study, commented.

This is Written by Caroline from Creative BioMart.

About Creative BioMart
Creative BioMart provides quality recombinant proteins, diagnostic antibodies and antigens, diagnostic enzymes and pharmaceutical enzymes to the research community of biology, clinical research, molecular diagnostics and biopharmaceutical drug development. We are offering more than 1,000 recombinant proteins, peptides and antibodies. All the products are rigorously tested to meet the most demanding research needs. At the same time, lowest prices in the industry are always guaranteed.

Contact Creative BioMart
Address: 45-16 Ramsey Road Shirley, NY 11967, USA
Tel: 1-631-559-9269
Email: info@creative-biomart.com
Website: http://www.creativebiomart.net/

Custom Protein Service in Creative BioMart

Creative BioMart, a world leading biotech company, providing comprehensive, high quality recombinant protein and custom protein services. Over the years, Creative BioMart has been trying to enlarge its protein services and up to now, it offers a variety of protein expression platforms coupled with a lot of other protein services like membrane protein services, protein labeling and stable cell line services. Creative BioMart strives to partner with its worldwide customers to explore new frontiers in biological science and accelerate their scientific discovery. Let's see what specifically does Creative BioMart has for its protein services:

Custom Membrane Protein Production
Creative BioMart offers services in the production and formulation of membrane and other proteins for numerous applications. The company has developed FoldEZTM technology especially designed to tackle with issues related to the discovery of therapeutics for low abundance membrane proteins, primarily GPCRs and ion channels. Custom membrane protein production service in Creative BioMart includes: Custom Membrane Protein Production, Cell Line Development and Membrane Preparation and Lipid-based Protein Immobilization.

Stable Cell Line Services
Stable cell line services in Creative BioMart range from stable expression lines for research purpose to GLP grade stable cell lines that are for protein production. Conventional gene transfer methods for stable cell line development are also available in Creative BioMart. And for knock-out and knock-in cell lines, Creative BioMart has BioCRISPRTM custom genome editing service.

Protein Expression and Purification Services
Protein Expression and Purification Services are the star service in Creative BioMart. Based on a long history in protein expression and purification, the company has developed a breadth of knowledge that services as a valuable resources for customers. Up to now, Creative BioMart offers 18 kinds of expression systems for customers to choose including Bacterial Expression Systems (E. coli / Bacillus), Serum-Free Expression System, High-throughput Protein Production, etc.

Protein Labeling
The company’s protein labeling & conjugation service provides customized solutions to meet the researchers specific needs. On the customers’ behalf, Creative BioMart carry out Stable Isotope Labeling, Protein Biotinylation, Fluorescent Labeling in Vitro, Fluorescent Tagged Protein in Vivo and Enzyme/Antibody conjugation.

PEGylation Services
Featured as Increased intellectual property value, Site-specific modifications and linkers, Consistent lot to lot characterization and biological activity and Scaleable chemistry,  synthetic polymer PEG modification and bioconjugation services in Creative BioMart have served hundreds of customers covering more than 50 countries.

Connect http://www.creativebiomart.net/Custom-Protein-Service.htm to explore more about custom protein services provided by Creative BioMart.