What makes a rose so sweet?

Recently, researchers working with roses have identified an enzyme called RhNUDX1. This enzyme was said to play an important role in producing the flowers’ sweet fragrances.
Ornamental plants which have been bred mostly for their visual traits, provide essential oils for perfumes and cosmetics. However, their strong scents are fading over the generations. So, how should we restore their fragrant odors? This, according to scientists, requires a better understanding of the rose scent biosynthesis pathway.

Even until now, most studies of rose fragrance have been focused on a biosynthetic pathway that generates pleasant-smelling alcohols such as monoterpenes, using specific enzymes named terpene synthases. In some of the scientists’ eyes, terpene synthases provides sole route to the production of fragrant monoterpenes in plants.
However, scientists in this new study studied two kinds of roses: Papa Meilland cultivar that smells very strongly and Rogue Meilland cultivar that has little scent. To be specific, they studied the genes of these two cultivars, trying to find the difference. To their surprise, the researchers fount that an enzyme called RhNUDX1 generates the fragrant.
In the scientists’ words in this research, it may be easier for botanists to exploit the RhNUDX1 gene to bring appealing scents back into these iconic flowers.

Novel Platform Was Found to Predict the Future Identity of Stem Cells

Stems cells are often used as a sort of repair system for the body. As long as theperson or animal is still alive, stem cells can theoretically divide without limit toreplenish other cells. This promising area gives scientists new hope to investigatethe possibility of cell-based therapies for the treat of disease. But there’s aproblem. How can we know exactly what organ or tissue that a cluster of fetalstem cells will become in the end? Is this achieved, it would be more easier toobserve the whole process and ensure it develop in the right way.

Luckily, a recent published study seemed to give us hope. Scientists in this studyhave developed a novel system that has the ability to match what’s happeninginside of an immature stem cell to known human fetal cell gene expression, thusdetermining what the stem cells will turn into in the future.

Named KeyGenes, this system can identify human stem cell derivatives bycollecting extensive data on gene expression during human fetal development.This system was believed to have huge clinic significance, enabling us to knowclearer about where human development goes wrong. It makes the identify ofwhich tissues are present in excessive amounts or are not in the right placepossible.

The next step for them, according to the chief scientists of this study, is to makethis platform openly available for the scientific community, so that more people willbenefit from it.

This was written by Caroline from Creative BioMart.

Source: http://www.wikigenes.org/e/pub/e/575.html

How to do protein extraction and preparation?

It is known to all that proteins have a wide range of types and they have their own properties. Even they are of the same type, methods for protein extraction and preparation will be different because different materials are adopted. And because they are in different systems, so it is impossible to have a fixed method for all kinds of protein separation.

Majority of the work in the key part of the separation substantially is common. Basically, most of the protein can be dissolved in water, dilute salt, acid or dilute alkali solution, and a few proteins bounded with lipids can be dissolved in ethanol, acetone and butanol the organic solvent. Therefore we should adopt different solvent for the extraction, separation and purification of proteins and enzymes. The solubility difference of Proteins and enzymes in different solvents, mostly depends on the proportion of protein molecules nonpolar hydrophobic groups and polar hydrophilic group, and also depends on the arrangement of these groups and dipole moment. The internal difference for protein dissolve lies in its structure and the external reason lies in the temperature, PH, ionic strength, etc.

The whole preparation process can generally be divided into five phases: 
1.The selection and preprocessing of material
2.Cell disruption (sometimes need cell separation device)
3.Extraction
4.Purification (including salting out, organic solvent precipitation, solvent extraction, adsorption chromatography, ultracentrifugation and crystallization)
5.Concentration, drying and preservation. 

But it doesn’t mean that all the five stages is required in all program, nor is it completely separated from each stage. Specific considerations should be taken according to the different methods that you have adopted.

This is written by Caroline from Creative BioMart.

About Creative BioMart
Creative BioMart provides quality recombinant proteins, diagnostic antibodies and antigens, diagnostic enzymes and pharmaceutical enzymes to the research community of biology, clinical research, molecular diagnostics and biopharmaceutical drug development. We are offering more than 1,000 recombinant proteins, peptides and antibodies. All the products are rigorously tested to meet the most demanding research needs. At the same time, lowest prices in the industry are always guaranteed.

Contact Creative BioMart
Address: 45-16 Ramsey Road Shirley, NY 11967, USA
Tel: 1-631-559-9269
Email: info@creative-biomart.com
Website: www.creativebiomart.net

Metabolism Assays in Creative BioMart

Metabolism, the catabolic or anabolic biochemical reactions inside of the cell, allows living cells to grow and reproduce, and maintain their structures. It can also be referred to nutrition and the availability of nutrients. Involving complex sequences of controlled chemical reactions called metabolic pathways, metabolic reaction is very important to both humans and animals.

With years of experience and robust facilities, Creative BioMart provides metabolism assays for customers worldwide. Customers have a lot of choices in Creative BioMart. Up to now, metabolism assays in Creative BioMart include: 

In Vitro Assays

Cytochrome P450 inhibition

Metabolic stability (microsomes, hepatocytes)

Metabolite profiling and identification

Multiple species cross-comparisons

CYP450 reaction phenotyping

Metabolic drug-drug interactions

Protein binding (HTS fluorescence HSA, AGP binding), equilibrium

HERG channel inhibition

Aqueous solubility

Fatty Acids Related Assays

Cholesterol/Cholesteryl Ester Quantification

Different from the services from other company, metabolism assays from Creative BioMart have the following advantages: Straightforward procedure, Easy to perform, just add-mix-read, Sensitive, accurate, and reliable, WIDE assay range, Easy to calculate results, Fluorometric and/or colorimetric detection and Suitable for high-throughput assays.

If you want to know more about the metabolism assays provided by Creative BioMart, you can visit http://www.creativebiomart.net/Metabolism-Assays.htm to know more.

Protein Ssu72 Was Found to Be a Promising Target for HIV Treatment

AIDS, one of the most serous diseases in the world , has put thousands of millions of people’s life in danger. According to the statistics from the World Health Organization, over 35 million people in the world are living with HIV and nearly one million people die each year because of it. Scientists in the world are racing to find an effective treatment to relieve people out of misery.
A recent study seems to give new hope to it. Scientists in this study have probed into nearly 50 proteins that interact with a well-know HIV creates called Tat. Virus can’t survive without Tat. Because the Tat acts like an observer in the cell, telling the virus when the environment is suit for its replication. Before this study, scientists deeply believed that only one protein called CycT1 interact with Tat. However, this study’s results prove it’s wrong. 

Protein Ssu72 was in the list of the proteins, too. Chief scientists staff in this study said that this protein can help Tat accelerate the HIV replication. And the most important trait of Ssu72 that makes it stands out is that other proteins, including CycT1, are necessary for normal cell function while Ssu72 wasn’t found to be essential for making RNA for the host cell genes in the way it is used by HIV, thus making it a promising target for the treatment of HIV.
The next step is to find out how to target the protein. Anyway, it’s a great way ahead.

As a world leading biotech company, Creative Biomart also provides Ssu72 proteins to help researchers with their studies in the hope of bettering people’s life.

About Creative Biomart
Creative Biomart is a world leading Biotech Company which provides a bunch of products including quality recombinant proteins, antibodies, antigens, enzymes, etc. to the research community of biology. For more information, you can visit http://www.creativebiomart.net/.

Contact Creative Biomart
Address: 45-16 Ramsey Road Shirley, NY 11967, USA
Tel: 1-631-559-9269
Fax: 1-631-938-8127
Email: info@creative-biomart.com
Website: www.creativebiomart.net